On land, seismic survey data are acquired using explosives or vibrators as energy sources and several hundreds or several thousands of receivers are deployed on the surface of the ground. Since the advent of the computerized multi-channel telemetry seismic recording systems capable of handling one to two thousands channels, efforts are continually being made to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of long-survey lines and 3D-seismic operations to handle such difficult areas as mountainous regions, deep formations and complex geological structure.
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